BUSINESS LAW Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

BUSINESS LAW - Essay Example In these reports, they show their financial, social and environmental investment to mitigate the losses and harms caused by their corporate activities. These few pages provides a way to these companies to marketize their public image, avoid regulation, access to markets and gaining legitimacy for their corporate objectives. In this paper, corporate social responsibility is defined with emphasis on innovation, and subsequently companies publishing CSR are critically analyzed and discussed in a way to reach at a reasonable conclusion. Corporate Social Responsibility Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is a concept whereby companies integrate environmental and social concerns in their business operations and in their interaction with their stakeholders on a voluntary basis (European Commission). Additionally, CSR has various definitions (Margolis and Walsh, 2003). Also, Wood (1991) provides that CSR is also called as corporate social performance, sustainable responsible business (SRB) , corporate responsibility, corporate citizenship or responsible business. ... The definition of CSR describes a wide range of stakeholders. Interestingly, each stakeholder does not have the same kind of interests in a company rather different. And these interests vary, as the currency of environmental and social issues revolves over a period of time ((Clarkson, 1995; Davis, 1973; Moskowitz, 1975; Wartick &Cochran, 1985). In the CSR reports, the companies incorporate their current corporate activities that harm environment and society. Besides, such reports contain the positive and negative effects of commercial activities. And, in such reports, the companies mention their current level of financial and non-financial investment in order to minimize the impacts of their commercial activities. As employees, suppliers, creditors, customers, social and environmental groups, governments, local communities can be stakeholders; the companies prepare their CSR reports with regard to the concerns of the related stakeholders. As a result, mostly they are identified as th e stakeholders. However, some companies have been publishing CSR for many years. And, their websites are filled with the material showing their policy to tackle the environmental and social concerns. For example, on the Seventh Generation website, it is mentioned they have been environmentally and socially playing their role and working with innovations to live better life. Environmentally, the company provides its Greenhouse Gas Accounting, carbon footprint reports and their strategies to minimize them. Socially, the website maintains that it has Seventh Generation supports the Ovarian Cancer Research Fund (OCRF) (7genreport, web). Additionally, Wal-Mart also publishes its sustainability reporting with

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Free Will vs. Determinism Essay Abstract Is it possible that two philosophical worlds can coexist yet still be argue no to? There are many who say yes and many who say no. Some believe that life is lived by free will. Others believe that life is lived through predetermination, known as determinism. May one thing exist if another cannot. Who is to say yes or no? Free Will vs. Determinism Socrates: â€Å"May it be that there is substantial reason to believe things are what they are because of what they were? † Nathan: â€Å"So, you too would be describing determinism as the way things will be as a result of how things are and work of natural laws? Socrates: â€Å"Would you agree that this means there is no human freedom of choice or action that was ours to make in the first place? † Nathan: â€Å"No, I would like to believe humanity has the freedom of choice, since our choices are ours in the first place, although they must have an explanation. † Socrates: â€Å"Is it possible that every choice may not have an explanation for why something led to specific effects? † Nathan: â€Å"Yes, it is possible, but I would like to think that some situations do not hold explanations. † Socrates: â€Å"Nathan, is there room for acceptance that human choices or situations may be events? † Nathan: â€Å"That would be to say that they are mere objects in time or instantiations of properties in objects. † Socrates: â€Å"Possibly, but wouldn’t that mean they would hold an explanatory cause? † Nathan: â€Å"If what you’re asking determines whether or not there is an explanation for why something happened that led to a specific effect, then yes. † Socrates: â€Å"Would you agree that every choice or event would have an explanatory cause? † Nathan: â€Å"Yes, I would like to believe that sometimes some choices or events are random leading to free will. † Socrates: â€Å"Are these human choices or events we speak of the same or are they different? † Nathan: â€Å"I would believe them to be different. Choices are instances of free will through periodic randomness as where events are often reflections of these spoken choices. Hence, they are different. Often choices may lead to an event, but events often lead to choices. † Socrates: â€Å"So you would entertain the idea that explanatory cause is not to be free? † Nathan: â€Å"No, to be free is having the ability to act at will; not under compulsion or restraint. Therefore to be free is merely an individual idea. † Socrates: â€Å"Are these two worlds of free will and determinism able to coexist within the same realm? † Nathan: â€Å"Yes, I believe it is possible that a person’s free will may lead them to a point of determinism. This being they make a choice and then in turn that choice leads them to a predetermined point in life. It was just their choice in when or how they arrived there. † Socrates: â€Å"Can there be external determinism and internal free will? † Nathan: â€Å"It is possible that we may have a predetermination, however I believe that at the same time, we are capable of making our own decisions and making our own free choices. Even if these choices may lead to a determined place it is still our own decision on how we may arrive there. Summary I would like to state that I believe it is possible for determinism to exist in a world that is decided by free will even if our life is predetermined. However, just because our life has a determined end it does not conclude that the contents of our lives were without free will. Our choices all have an explanatory cause, even if we would like to think that some choices are made at random. This is, however, just another example that we control our own free will. References CLARKE, P. H. (2010). Determinism, Brain Function and Free Will. Science Christian Belief, 22(2), 133-149. Millican, P. (2010). Humes Determinism. Canadian Journal Of Philosophy, 40(4), 611-642 http://www. galilean-library. org/site/index. php/page/index. html/_/essays/introducingphilosophy/13-free-will-and-determinism-r29.

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Through an examination of the phyla Porifera, Cnidaria, Platyhelminthes, Aschelminthes (Nematoda), Mollusca, Annelida, and Arthropoda, an obvious pattern of evolutionary advances is present. As one moves across these seven phyla, developments in traits such as methods of acquiring nutrition, the digestive system, the circulatory system, the nervous system, and the gas exchange system could easily be noted. Other observations could be logged regarding the development of the excretory system, the reproductive system, development, body plan, symmetry, and ecological niche. A look at the contrasting qualities of these phyla provides a clear understanding of their evolutionary advances. From filter-feeding to taking in food through the mouth, the methods of acquiring nutrition among the first seven phyla show a distinct evolutionary advancement. In the most basic phylum, Porifera, the sessile sponges receive nutrients through a system of filter-feeding, in which the organism uses its ostia, or pores, and chaonocytes, or flagellated collar cells that create water currents, to filter in water. The organism is then able to remove algae and other food particles from the water in order to acquire its food. In contrast to the phylum Porifera, the next phylum, Cnidaria is composed of carnivorous organisms, so thus they prey on other animals, unlike Porifera (who wait for their food to come to them). Cnidarians have nematocysts, or stinging cells, which allow them to paralyze and kill their prey. They are then able to use their tentacles to bring their food to their mouths. All of the subsequent phyla also take in food using their mouths, and hunt their prey (if carnivorous) using different methods. It is in the following phylum, ... ...opods prey on smaller organisms. Like the Mollusca phylum, there are many arthropods that serve as a food source to humans. Porifera, Cnidaria, Platyhelminthes, Aschelminthes, Mollusca, Annelida, and Arthropoda, the first seven phyla, have a distinct connection in their evolutionary traits. A distinct grasp on the connections between the evolutionary advances of the seven phyla is easily acquired upon looking at the differing aspects of these phyla. In traits like methods of acquiring nutrition, the digestive system, the circulatory system, the nervous system, the gas exchange system, and the excretory system, a distinct line can be drawn from start to finish. In other traits like the reproductive system, development, body plan, symmetry, and ecological niche, one could easily log the improvement as the transition is made across the spectrum of phyla.

Learning Disabilities Essays -- Special Education

â€Æ' Case Study on Learning Disabilities Learning about learning disabilities has been an eye opening experience. I have worked with children who had home life issues that they struggled with at school. But to see and realize that these children cannot change how their brain operates is difficult to watch. My case study is a typical young boy who really doesn’t want to be in school. He would rather be with his dad hunting with guns in the woods. I know now that he probably dislikes school because he struggles with completing the tasks and assignments given to him. Hopefully, this study will provide me with more insight into ways that I could help him and others like him once I become a certified teacher. A Look at the Classroom TC (a pseudonym) is a young third grader at a local elementary school. The school looks and feels like any typical elementary school anywhere in North Carolina. However, when you walk down the hall to the EC class is located, you see a room that has little light on inside. Occasionally there will be lights on but for the most part they are not. Once you quietly enter the room, one notices a whiteboard on the immediate right with a small group of 10-12 desks side by side in a â€Å"U† shape facing the board. The remainder of the room is divided into three sections. Each section has a â€Å"C† shaped table for the special needs teacher and the teacher assistant. In the last section closest to the wall, there is a metal swing hanging from a metal stand. There are several computers in the two outer divided sections but only the three computers by the teacher’s area are active. These appear to be where extra time is rewarded on these computers to play educat ional games. Because of the way the room is des... ...lout in a separate room with a small group away from the general education class. His general education classes/events include Science/Social Studies, Recess, Lunch, Field Trips and Assemblies, Art/Media/PE/Technology. Within his IEP is noted the justification for special needs services. TC needs services due to his weakness in working memory and nonverbal reasoning. He needs a small group setting with direct explicit, systematic and multi-modal instruction. He also needs repetition with his instruction and practice with the material learned. It is my hope that TC will continue to improve in his work, if he can maintain enough interest in school. Hopefully someone can provide the extra encouragement he needs to move through the difficult years of school. If he doesn’t have an attitude change about school, he will probably be one of those that dropout.

Proposal Preventing School Dropout Essay

Introduction Currently, it is expected that all students should graduate from high school. Still, hundreds of students in American schools drop out of school before graduating. Many observations made clearly show that more students continue to drop out of schools and the goal ensuring that each student graduate from high school remains a pipe dream. It is becoming clear that the issues of students dropping out of school are related with the social and economic issues affecting the society and can not be dealt with separately. These social-economical issues include unemployment, poverty, social values, discrimination family, the welfare, drug abuse and child abuse. Students who drop out of school are forecasted to increase in future and create a bigger problem. Dropping out of school is a multifaceted problem of which there is no single solution for it. Putting emphasis on solving one element of the issue leads to the need of getting solutions for other related issues. Thus, that is why that a broad range of activities and agencies be involved to help solve the problem. The mission for proposal Having a mission statement is very important as it gives the proposal a direction and objectives and goals of the stated activities. The mission statement is; Ensuring that all students in schools graduates through creating partnership with schools, students, the community and all the stakeholders. How the proposals services is structured Having a clear structure of the proposal is very important in ensuring that proposed services are successful delivered. Accordingly, the proposal services will be structured in way that there is a division depending on the different services. Different divisions will carry out different services accordingly. For example, outreach program division, financing division and vocational training division. The resource path for proposal Financial resources human resource is important in implementing any proposals. In accordance to that the proposal will be financed from grants and aids from private or public bodies including the local government and the federal governments. The human resources will include professional who will work as volunteers and other social workers who will assist the in implementing the objectives and the goals suggested by the proposal. Individual who will carry out this proposal will be social workers, child workers professional, and psychologists. They will do this through conducting group sessions, taking with teachers concerned with students learning progress, doing parenting management and carrying out training skills in students homes. The content of proposal services It has been noted that any meaningful student dropout prevention program should offer strong educational alternatives, challenges, opportunities services and support to the students to assist them to be able to complete and graduate from their respective schools. For the purpose of this proposal program, the key areas that the proposal has identified are; accountably Instructional focus Community involvement School structure Relevancy and learning The above issues when well implemented will provide both the students and their parents with a holistic approach to motivate students to be able to complete school. The agency will coordinate its activities with schools, districts, students, parents and the whole community in carrying out its activities. This will ensure that the agency creates an effective school dropout prevention program. The agency will provide; Professional improvement activities Technical assistance Counselling Financial assistance The content of proposal services Any successful program to prevent students from dropping out of school has to use various strategies to support students’ achievements. I strongly thus suggest that the following programs have to be implemented in the program. Relevancy learning; This program has the ability to motivate a student to learn, the strategies provides a chance for the student to integrate more with the school and the community. The strategy will involve; Mentoring the student; where the student will be mentored by a mentor and be provided with academic support which address the student needs such as math, writing or reading competencies. Service learning; this aspect connects school learning to important community services and experiences. This will provide the student with real world situations and promote the student social, personal and academic growth. Civil responsibility and career development will also be covered here. Alternative schooling; this strategy provides students who may want to dropout with various options which can make the graduate from school. Such options includes, flexible scheduling, distance learning and technology and different program setting. How agency will link with proposal The proposal will be linked with the agency through the management and the outreach program. The program proposal will be carried out by the outreach program which will have a duty of implementing the proposal policies. Partnerships with other agencies with same objectives will be sought to ensure that proposal is well linked. How proposal services will be linked to communities Community participation in any program that involves the society as a whole is very important. Connecting the students to the community at large helps to remove what is seen as the â€Å"school barrier† and assists in providing chances for complete support and planning. It motivates the students towards their career advancement and participation. It also provides the students with the necessary interpersonal and social skills to make them be successful in life. Several strategies will have to be undertaken to achieve this goal, this are: Systemic renewal; it calls for involving the community and other stake holders in regular process of assessing the objectives and in planning, and formulating   policies to prevent students from dropping out of the school. This will also require using the available data, analysing the school system and evaluating the progress made by the students. Community collaboration; community collaboration is beneficial to both the students and the school community. This will help to put up strong infrastructure ad also support the teaching staff with the current complex objectives and goals for the current students. Conflict resolution; an all-inclusive program to build interpersonal skills, enhance conflict resolution ability, and building awareness to prevent violence highly promotes the success of dropout prevention program. Conflict resolution creates an enabling environment and for the young youths (students) to achieve in the society. How you will see implementation of proposal For this proposal to be useful, it has to be implemented by the responsible bodies. Thus, the proposal suggest that the school have principals will have to implement strategies in their schools as suggested in the proposal. The district education board will ensure that the proposals are being carried out correctly. It will be expected that the implementation of the proposals will be done immediately. At the same time the community will be educated through social workers on importance on school dropout programs. Personal effective; carrying out retreat program designed to improve student’s self esteem, through regular classroom- based discussion, participation on interpersonal relations, and individual counselling. Academic; this will be achieved by providing special educational courses, instruction methods that are individualized. Family outreach; this will include home visits and feedback strategies. Work related; this program strategy will involve vocational training, service program and partaking in volunteer service. To ensure that the proposal program is carried out effectively, there will be a project coordinator who will work together with different groups to coordinate activities for effective implementation Evaluating the impact of proposal service on the people you intend to benefit from your proposal To analyse the effectiveness of the proposed program, regular reviews of the number students attendance will be examine in specific schools where the program will be being carried out to analyze the impact of the program. The assessment will be based on measuring the percentage of dropout in schools that have carried out the proposal suggestions. Other measures as the impact of rate of school attendance will also be measured, to ascertain the counselling and interpersonal training effects of the program on the specific students.   Emphasizing the rational reasoning for each of the nine recurring policy issues To support the policies of the proposal research and studies finding will be used. Also practical field experience will be collected and data complied to support the measures of the proposed policies. The results of the proposed proposals from the field will be used to emphasize the measures taken. This will be supported by interviews from participants and from the schools where the program will be carried out. Social work ethical dilemmas does your proposal recognize and address The proposal recognizes the social issue of keeping research information confidential and protecting participants of in the program. All participants observation notes, responses and personal information will be held in the strictest of confidence and will not be revealed even after the study has concluded.   All participants will be required to sign a confidentiality statement and will be encouraged vehemently to concur with the terms of the agreement. (Addressing the `digital divide Technology remains important in facilitated education across the board. Technology allows schools and teachers to carry out effective teaching and educational programs. Schools with well technological equipments have been observed to perform better than those with poor technological facilities. Technology remains in schools and in programs to prevent school dropouts. The implications of lack of access to and or skill in using information Observations show that those schools with better technology have high chances of retaining their students in schools than those with poor technology. At the same time students who have access to computers and other technology equipments are like not to dropout of school than those who do not have the access to technology. Technology such as computer also allows a student to continue with studies for instance by use of distance learning which limits dropout rates. Thus, the badly impacted groups due to lack of technology will be students and teachers Ways to change this lack of access and skills into easy and quick Students and schools can be assisted to access technology through grants and/or financial or technology assistance to equip these schools. Students on the other hand can be trained on technology, given aid in terms of technology or learning materials on the technology. This has to be continuous process so that there lack of technology can be minimized through these programs. Also a program should be introduced in which to regularly train teachers on new technologies available so that they can be equipped with latest technology. Conclusion The issue of school dropouts remains crucial and alarming in the United States. Statistics continue to reveal that a large number of students dropout of schools before they can graduate. Thus, it is important that the issue be addressed fully, it has been noted that school dropout is a social issue that requires to be tackled by different ways to solve it. Some of these ways include involving the community, counselling students and availing technology to both schools and students. However, school dropout problem will continue to challenge the education policy makers in the country.

Impacts of the market structure on the business behaviour of companies in the Structure Conduct †Airline Industry

Impacts of the market structure on the business behaviour of companies in the Structure Conduct – Airline Industry Introduction Business structure can be viewed as organizational and other attributes of a market. These are the characteristics which have a significant impact on competition and hence the pricing (Tuto2u 2011). The main aspects of the market structure includes the total number of the firms, the extent to which the industry is vertically integrated, the share of the market, costs, structure of buyers, turnover of customers and the product differentiation (degree of differentiation) (Tuto2u 2011).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Impacts of the market structure on the business behaviour of companies in the Structure Conduct – Airline Industry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The business structure has a significant impact on the business behaviour. There are certain behaviours which characterize each business structure. This is in turn determined by the aspects of a particular business structure. Discussion The re are several market structures under which any organization can fall. These include the perfect competition, monopoly or the oligopoly. Each of these has its unique characteristics. In the perfect competition, there are many firms in a certain industry. A good example of a competitive market is the hotel industry. It is characterized by a large number of firms which compete with each other. In the perfect competition, there are very little barriers to entry. This implies that it is easy to venture into a certain industry. Every participant in the perfect competition is a price taker. This implies that every firm will take the price which is offered at the market. An individual firm in this case does not have any power to influence the market price. Another category of the market structure is the monopoly. This is the business structure where there is only one firm in the market. There is a high barrier to entry into such a market. In this category of the market structure, the firm is the portico maker. This implies that the firm has the power to determine the price. Therefore, there are high chances of customer exploitation in this market structure. This is because there is no competition for customers. This may also discourage the firms from innovation because the firm does not face any threat from competitors. The other form of the market structure is the oligopoly. This form of market structure is characterized by few firms which produces differentiated products. There are high barriers to entry. This is the reason why there are a few firms in an industry. Firms in this form of market structure are the price makers because there are just a few firms in a certain industry.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More From this discussion, it can clearly be seen that the market structure for the airline industry is oligopoly. This is because there are just a small number of companies in the industry. However, there is a higher level of competition in this market structure compared with the monopoly where there is only one seller. In the airline industry, each company has the pricing power. This is because there are just a few firms in the industry. However, it is important to note that these firms do not have the power of setting the prices just to the levels they want. In the airline industry, every organization affects the market. However, an organization is also affected by the decisions made by other organizations in the industry. The set up costs on the airline industry is extremely high. Therefore, although there are high profits to be made, high costs forms a barrier to entry. For instance, setting an airline in the United States of America is extremely expensive. This is the reason why there are just a small number of companies operating in the market. This is unlike the case of a hotel which is easy to start up. In airli ne industry as an oligopoly, there are sometimes price wars. This is where one company cuts its prices and others follow by doing the same. This process may usually continue and leads to unhealthy competition which may significantly affect the profitability of an organization. For instance, the British Airways was faced by price wars in 2009 where it was forced to cut down the price of its tickets by 36 percent (Knapton 2008). This negatively affected its profitability. Airline companies usually engage in price wars with an effort of expanding their individual market shares. Reference List Knapton, S. 2008. Price War As Airlines Fight For Passengers Web. Available at: https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/2605029/Price-war-as-airlines-fight-for-passengers.htmlAdvertising We will write a custom essay sample on Impacts of the market structure on the business behaviour of companies in the Structure Conduct – Airline Industry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Tuto2u, 2011. Market Structures – Summary Web. Available at: https://www.tutor2u.net/economics/reference/key-summary-on-market-structures

Free Essays on Harriet Jacobs

In Harriet Jacobs story, â€Å"From Incidents of a Slave Girl†, Jacobs discusses the hardships of being a female during slave times. Things such as being separated from her family on different occasions were downfalls that all slaves had to deal with. Throughout her story, Jacobs stays strong and never gives up on the fact that someday there will be brighter days. Jacobs was seemingly very close with her mistress and their children. As Jacobs grew older, she experienced the utmost harassment from her master. He whispered impure statements and his demeanor grew worse and worse. Her mistress, because of her age and the masters’ intentions, grew very jealous of Jacobs. Jacobs looking for someone to confide in had no one to turn to. Her grandmother had always been then for her, but at times like these, Jacobs could not approach her. Jacobs’ grandmother was a very proper lady that instilled that purity upon her granddaughter. She would not be able to deal with such impure things such as the sexual harassment that Jacobs encountered.... Free Essays on Harriet Jacobs Free Essays on Harriet Jacobs In the stories expressed by Harriet Jacobs, through the mindset of Linda Brent, some harsh realities were revealed about slavery. I’ve always known slavery existed and that it was a very immoral act. But never before have I been introduced to actual events that occurred. Thought the book Linda expresses how she wasn’t the worst off. Not to say her life wasn’t difficult, but she acknowledged that she knows she was not treated as bad as others. Linda’s life was without knowing she was a slave until she was bout six years old. Her father was skilled craftsmen and so his was allowed to work for his profit as long as he gave half to his master. Linda’s mother died when Linda was young, so her maternal grandmother took car of her and her brother William. Her grandmother had been freed by an elderly white woman. Aunt Martha, as was known, was very loved by many including whites and blacks especially by Linda. As soon as she realized her fate in slavery her grandmother became her only female figure of who she really loved and trusted. As slavery became more and more a part of Linda’s life began to soon change as she learned that she was owned by a white master and his mistress and that she was to do exactly what they asked of her without exception or question. Black slaves were not seen as humans but merely as property who served as servants. They could not accumulate property or belongings or authority because they too were property often compared to â€Å"chattel†. No man or woman had any value except for the price tag placed on them when they entered the bidding block. However, the destiny was different for a man than for a woman in slavery. For a black man, slavery meant long hours everyday, having a family But not having any authority amongst it, dealing with the constant reminder that he as a slave could not protect his wife or children form any harm done by the master, and that if he ever disobeyed he... Free Essays on Harriet Jacobs In Harriet Jacobs story, â€Å"From Incidents of a Slave Girl†, Jacobs discusses the hardships of being a female during slave times. Things such as being separated from her family on different occasions were downfalls that all slaves had to deal with. Throughout her story, Jacobs stays strong and never gives up on the fact that someday there will be brighter days. Jacobs was seemingly very close with her mistress and their children. As Jacobs grew older, she experienced the utmost harassment from her master. He whispered impure statements and his demeanor grew worse and worse. Her mistress, because of her age and the masters’ intentions, grew very jealous of Jacobs. Jacobs looking for someone to confide in had no one to turn to. Her grandmother had always been then for her, but at times like these, Jacobs could not approach her. Jacobs’ grandmother was a very proper lady that instilled that purity upon her granddaughter. She would not be able to deal with such impure things such as the sexual harassment that Jacobs encountered....